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Latest posts from topic “Somma e differenza di tensioni” Latest posts from topic “Somma e differenza di tensioni” on “ElectroYou”. 2017-07-07T13:58:12Z https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767 Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p720478 Ianero 2017-07-15T18:57:55Z 2017-07-15T18:57:55Z
A proposito, ho usato il tuo schema rieditandolo, però il riferimento in uscita se non erro dovrebbe essere messo così:



Non mi torna la polarità con cui viene riportato l'ingresso modulato al centro tra i due demodulatori di inviluppo :?
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p720473 Ianero 2017-07-15T18:51:57Z 2017-07-15T18:51:57Z
RF è una sorgente in tensione.

La rotazione di \frac{\pi }{2} si realizza con il trasformatore iniziale, da C_2 e da una R ad essa in parallelo non disegnata nello schema (che abbassa il Q).

Per chiarire utilizzo uno schema inizialmente non bilanciato:



La tensione tra A e B è il segnale ruotato e ritardato, ora bisogna sottrarlo a quello iniziale e darlo in ingresso al demodulatore di inviluppo:



Passando allo schema bilanciato:



Posso comunque usare una sola rete per ruotare e ritardare:



Se usassi un avvolgimento come nello schema originale però ora avrei una polarità invertita, perchè:



In più per la presa centrale dovrei dimezzare la tensione RF riportata sul nuovo avvolgimento appena introdotto, per rispettare lo schema a blocchi...

EDIT: quest'ultima cosa si risolve con un opportuno rapporto tra numeri di spire primario/secondario.
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p720472 MarcoD 2017-07-15T18:50:27Z 2017-07-15T18:50:27Z
Credevo di aver capito come funzionasse, ma non riesco a capire come la VCM sia in quadratura rispetto alle VAC, VBC, dato che pare che L3 sia una impedenza ad alta impedenza alla frequenza della portante. Non capisco che sfasamento realizza C3 con L3. Ossia La VCM è in fase con RF? ||O
Nessuna delle spiegazioni trovate nel web mi pare chiara al proposito.

Nel mio modello le tensioni degli avvolgimenti primario e secondario ( L1 e L2) dovrebbero essere sempre in fase fra loro. forse non sono in fase a causa del loro mutuo accoppiamento M = Radq( L1*L2) minore di quello massimo ???
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p720416 MarcoD 2017-07-15T09:47:33Z 2017-07-15T09:47:33Z
Complimenti per gli sviluppi matematici di teoria delle comunicazioni elettriche. :ok:
(Sbiaditi ricordi del libro del CLUT di Castellani, Pent, Biglieri ?)
E complimenti a me stesso per essere quasi riuscito a seguirli (capirli perfettamente, mi costerebbe troppa fatica, non mi diverte). :mrgreen:

Ho fatto qualche commento/modifica allo schema, esplicitando dei miei dubbi.
Probabilmente esula dai tuoi interessi, ma dovresti metterti nei panni di Foster, o di un radiotecnico anni 30-60 e progettare un demodulatore per radio FM con Fo 10,7 MHz, deviazione 75 kHz, frequenza massima modulante 10kHz, arrivando a determinare i valori dei componenti e delle induttanze.
Magari copiare/analizzare lo schema di una radio FM a valvole/transistor.
Ti abbuono la definizione del diametro delle bobine e delle spire, perchè nel gioco del progettista ingegnere potresti incaricare del compito un perito radiotecnico.
Poi le bobine erano standard e mi pare che in Italia le producesse la Corbetta.

Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p720378 Ianero 2017-07-14T19:31:41Z 2017-07-14T19:31:41Z
Dopo calcoli e calcoli al vento, credo di essere arrivato a una bella dimostrazione.
Posto la soluzione dell'intero demodulatore per chi è interessato (Sì, Foto UtenteMarcoD, volevo un tuo parere).

Cominciamo da qui: per demodulare un segnale FM, o uso un PLL e spero che la risposta del filtro passa basso sia circa costante alle frequenze coinvolte dal messaggio modulante, oppure devo usare uno stratagemma più astuto.
Tale stratagemma si concretizza nel cercare di derivare il segnale in modo che il problema si sposti da una demodulazione FM a una AM.
Ecco perché:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

A questo punto basterebbe utilizzare un demodulatore di inviluppo per la classica AM e ottenere:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Un derivatore ideale non è sintetizzabile elettronicamente, allora mi invento questo:



[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Se ritardo di pochissimo ho una derivata sempre più fedele, ma l'ampiezza del segnale diventerebbe troppo bassa, al contrario con un ritardo troppo alto avrei una derivata pessima pur non soffrendo di problemi rivelazione del segnale.
Al solito, compromesso.

Come faccio un ritardatore?

La funzione di trasferimento di quello ideale sarebbe:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]





Se prendo una rete risonante posso approssimare questo comportamento intorno alla sua frequenza di risonanza, tanto meglio quanto il Q è basso:





Posso quindi approssimare intorno alla frequenza di risonanza (che sceglierò pari a \omega _p) la funzione di trasferimento come:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Per il corretto funzionamento del demodulatore però è necessario anche un ulteriore sfasamento (si vede tra poco con la matematica) che sarà introdotto da una rete sfasatrice opportuna.

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Utilizzando come ritardatore la rete appena fatta si avrà:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

ovvero:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Lo sfasamento istantaneo tra l'ingresso e questo segnale è pari a:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Questo termine in particolare:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

posso approssimarlo in modo utile notando che:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

una forma più leggibile si ottiene se si pone [unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula] in modo da avere:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

che è una correlazione tra il messaggio e la funzione rettangolo, calcolata in \alpha.

Per vedere come approssimarla trasformo secondo Fourier rispetto ad \alpha:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

tornando nel dominio di \alpha:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

e quindi ottenere come sfasamento approssimato tra v(t) e v_1(t):

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Dopo il sommatore avrò allora:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Dopo il demodulatore di inviluppo otterrò il seguente segnale:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Sviluppando il seno:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Se in questa espressione vale l'approssimazione:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

allora:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Da qui si vede il motivo della necessità di \theta: se non ci fosse (\theta = 0) si avrebbe un segnale sovramodulato AM che un demodulatore di inviluppo semplice non riuscirebbe a demodulare.
Scegliendo invece \theta =\frac{\pi }{2} si arriva a (il demodulatore di inviluppo tira fuori sempre un segnale positivo -ovvero fa il modulo- purché non ci sia sovramodulazione AM):

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

che invece va bene per un demodulatore di inviluppo purché [unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula].

Se avessi usato \theta =-\frac{\pi }{2} avrei ottenuto:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

Ora, se l'ingresso fosse non rumoroso avremmo finito.
In caso di presenza di rumore si avrebbe:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

La presenza di [unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula] potrebbe creare armoniche in banda difficilmente filtrabili.
Si può tuttavia ridurre il suo effetto utilizzando uno schema bilanciato copiando dualmente quello iniziale ed aggiungendolo in parallelo:



che fornisce in uscita:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

dove ora il rumore viene scalato secondo l'andamento del messaggio, e il suo contributo quindi è meno influente.

Non resta che tramutare in circuito elettronico lo schema a blocchi ultimo realizzando quello che volevo fare in [1]:



Eccolo qui: il demodulatore FM di Foster-Seeley.
Per l'analisi fatta funziona bene solo quando:

[unparseable or potentially dangerous latex formula]

dove con B ho indicato la banda del messaggio modulante.
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p719392 Ianero 2017-07-07T19:38:27Z 2017-07-07T19:38:27Z
Mai messo in dubbio O_/
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p719390 MarcoD 2017-07-07T19:31:36Z 2017-07-07T19:31:36Z
Ho letto in Wiki che hanno sviluppato il circuito nel 1936-7 80 anni fa. Anche allora c'erano progettisti abili !
O_/
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p719389 Ianero 2017-07-07T19:11:35Z 2017-07-07T19:11:35Z
Non ti sbagli. :ok:
Non capisco perché quello schema funziona e quindi cercavo di farmelo da solo.
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p719354 MarcoD 2017-07-07T14:50:05Z 2017-07-07T14:50:05Z
Forse mi sbaglio, ma stai cercando di ricostruire il demodulatore FM di Foster e Seeley ? O_/
Re: Somma e differenza di tensioni https://www.electroyou.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=69767#p719333 Datman 2017-07-07T13:58:12Z 2017-07-07T13:58:12Z
E' un'esigenza un po' strana... Non è che devi ottenere una tensione positiva e una negativa?... Che cosa devi fare?